Amgen to Review Benefits, Risks of ESA Therapy in Chronic Renal Failure Patients at FDA Advisory Committee
Company Recommends Hemoglobin Target of 10-12 g/dL as Risk Management Approach
THOUSAND OAKS, Calif. -- Sept. 11, 2007--Amgen is presenting data today on the appropriate use of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESAs) in Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients to a joint meeting of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory committees.
Amgen's presentation reviews data demonstrating that ESAs are safe when used appropriately and explains the critical role ESAs play in managing the debilitating effects of anemia in CRF patients. The company's presentation recognizes the potential risks observed in recent experimental trials targeting higher-than-recommended hemoglobin levels, lays out the need for an appropriate hemoglobin target of 10-12 g/dL to guide treatment and manage risk, and highlights the importance of the ongoing Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events with Aranesp Therapy (TREAT) to provide answers on the impact of anemia treatment in CRF patients. The company also identifies areas for future study and presents data that suggests that patient response is a stronger risk factor for poor outcomes than ESA dose.
"ESA treatment changed the lives of CRF patients by filling an unmet medical need for a very sick population of dialysis patients," said Allen R. Nissenson, M.D., professor of medicine, associate dean, and director of the Dialysis Program at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). "ESA treatment reduced the need for potentially problematic blood transfusions and improved patient exercise ability, physical functions and symptoms of anemia. As we continue evaluating the appropriate use of ESA therapy, it's vital to remember the patients. It's hard to overstate how sick these patients are and how vulnerable they can be to changes in treatment."
Amgen's ESA products Aranesp(R) (darbepoetin alfa) and EPOGEN(R) (Epoetin alfa) have been used in more than 2.2 million CRF patients.
Target Hemoglobin Range
"Physicians tell us that to optimally treat anemia in CRF patients they need a hemoglobin target range to guide ESA dosing decisions," said Preston Klassen, M.D., executive director, Clinical Development, Amgen. "In response to recent safety signals, Amgen is proposing a conservative hemoglobin target range of 10 to 12 g/dL based on clinical trial data, dialysis population surveillance data and nearly two decades of clinical experience."
In the 1980's, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled registrational clinical trials targeting a hemoglobin range between 10.7-12.7 g/dL showed that use of EPOGEN virtually eliminated the need for blood transfusions in dialysis patients. Amgen will discuss with the advisory committee data from these randomized clinical trials that also shows the impact of EPOGEN on improving exercise capacity and patient-reported outcomes.
A hemoglobin target range of 10-12 g/dL was included in the product labeling for EPOGEN from 1992 to 2007. In March 2007, following the publication of clinical trial results that highlighted safety concerns when ESAs are used to target hemoglobin levels of greater than 13 g/dL, the FDA and Amgen announced the addition of a black box safety warning to all ESA labels. The concept of a hemoglobin target range was removed from ESA labeling at this time.
In response to new data the National Kidney Foundation conducted a comprehensive review of all ESA clinical trials in CRF and in August 2007 updated its clinical practice guidelines for Anemia Management to state that "the selected hemoglobin target should generally be in the range 11 to 12 g/dL."
Recent Emphasis on Poorly Responsive Patients
Recent analyses of previous clinical trials has led to a focus on a subset of CRF patients whose changing health status results in transient periods of poor responsiveness to ESA therapy. In clinical trials, worse outcomes have been reported in this subset of patients, who are often described as "hyporesponders."
Poor responders appear to have a greater underlying burden of illness resulting in greater risk of mortality. ESA responsiveness reflects underlying health status and is a better predictor of clinical risk than ESA dose alone.
"Amgen welcomes discussion with FDA on potential study designs to explore approaches to dosing that will provide optimal anemia management in this subset of very ill patients," explained Dr. Klassen.
Questions about higher doses
Some analyses have shown that higher ESA doses are associated with poor outcomes. However, Amgen noted that it is difficult to determine if higher doses cause worse outcomes, or if higher doses are observed in patients who are poor responders because of worse health status.
"Generally patients with poor ESA responsiveness and who receive the highest ESA doses have very poor health status and suffer from multiple co-morbid illnesses," said Dr. Klassen. "It would be expected that these patients would have worse clinical outcomes."
Amgen will discuss with the FDA potential study designs to further explore optimal anemia management in these patients.
TREAT Study
Amgen will provide an update on the ongoing TREAT trial that will investigate important questions about the potential survival advantages of ESA therapy in CRF patients. TREAT is a 4,000-patient, global multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the impact of anemia therapy on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes.
Briefing Materials
Amgen's full presentation and briefing materials submitted to the joint meeting of the Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory (CRDAC) and Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory (DSRM) Committees are available at www.amgen.com [1].
About EPOGEN
Amgen launched EPOGEN(R), one of the first biologically derived human therapeutics, into the U.S. medical marketplace in 1989 for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis. EPOGEN is a recombinant protein with the same mechanism of action as endogenous human erythropoietin, a protein produced by the kidneys to stimulate the production of oxygen-transporting red blood cells.
About Aranesp
Aranesp(R) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2001 for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic renal failure (CRF), for patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis. In July 2002, the FDA approved weekly dosing of Aranesp for the treatment of anemia caused by concomitantly administered chemotherapy in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies and in March 2006, the FDA approved every-three-week dosing in these patients.
Important Safety Information Including Boxed WARNINGS
Use the lowest dose of Aranesp(R) or EPOGEN(R) that will gradually increase the hemoglobin concentration to the lowest level sufficient to avoid the need for red blood cell transfusion.
Aranesp, EPOGEN and other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) increased the risk for death and for serious cardiovascular events when administered to target a hemoglobin of greater than 12 g/dL.
Cancer Patients: Use of ESAs
-- shortened the time to tumor progression in patients with
advanced head and neck cancer receiving radiation therapy when
administered to target a hemoglobin of greater than 12 g/dL;
-- shortened overall survival and increased deaths attributed to
disease progression at 4 months in patients with metastatic
breast cancer receiving chemotherapy when administered to
target a hemoglobin of greater than 12 g/dL;
-- increased the risk of death when administered to target a
hemoglobin of 12 g/dL in patients with active malignant
disease receiving neither chemotherapy nor radiation therapy.
ESAs are not indicated for this population.
Patients receiving ESAs pre-operatively for reduction of allogeneic red blood cell transfusions: A higher incidence of deep venous thrombosis was documented in patients receiving Epoetin alfa who were not receiving prophylactic anticoagulation. Antithrombotic prophylaxis should be strongly considered when Epoetin alfa is used to reduce allogeneic red blood cell transfusions. Aranesp(R) is not approved for this indication.
Aranesp and EPOGEN are contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
About Amgen
Amgen discovers, develops and delivers innovative human therapeutics. A biotechnology pioneer since 1980, Amgen was one of the first companies to realize the new science's promise by bringing safe and effective medicines from lab, to manufacturing plant, to patient. Amgen therapeutics have changed the practice of medicine, helping millions of people around the world in the fight against cancer, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and other serious illnesses. With a deep and broad pipeline of potential new medicines, Amgen remains committed to advancing science to dramatically improve people's lives. To learn more about our pioneering science and our vital medicines, visit www.amgen.com [1].
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Aranesp prescribing information can be accessed by calling 800-772-6436 or by logging on to www.aranesp.com [2].
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[2] http://www.aranesp.com/